CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) is the smoothed, constant annual rate at which an investment would have grown if it had compounded steadily every year from its starting value to its ending value. Because it converts any total return into a per-year figure, it is the best single number for comparing investments held over different time periods.
If ₹1,00,000 grows to ₹2,00,000 over 5 years, CAGR = (2,00,000 / 1,00,000)1/5 − 1 = 20.2 − 1 ≈ 14.87% per year. The absolute return is 100% (the money doubled), but spread over 5 years that works out to about 14.87% compounded annually. The chart shows this smooth 14.87%-a-year path from ₹1,00,000 to ₹2,00,000.
Absolute return only tells you the total percentage gain and ignores time, so a 100% return over 2 years and over 10 years look identical. CAGR builds in the time period, which is why it is far more useful when comparing options.